Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: 192.168.6.56/handle/123456789/76401
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dc.contributor.authorJ Stokes, Debbie-
dc.contributor.editorMark Rainforth-
dc.date.accessioned2019-07-23T13:10:19Z-
dc.date.available2019-07-23T13:10:19Z-
dc.date.issued2008-
dc.identifier.isbn978-0-470-06540-2-
dc.identifier.urihttp://10.6.20.12:80/handle/123456789/76401-
dc.descriptionScanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a technique of major importance and is widely used throughout the scientific and technological commu- nities. The modern scanning electron microscope is capable of imaging details of the order of tens of ◦Angstroms (i.e. sub-nanometre), subject to the limits of electron–specimen interactions. However, for a long time it has been apparent that the high-vacuum SEM needed to develop in respects other than increased resolution. Hence, the advent of SEMs that utilise a gas for image formation while simultaneously provid- ing charge stabilisation for electrically nonconductive specimens. Some instruments also allow for thermodynamic stabilisation of hydrated specimens. These microscopes are known by terms such as ‘environmen- tal’, ‘extended pressure’ and ‘variable pressure’ SEM, amongst many others, depending upon manufacturer. There is ongoing discussion in the microscopy community as to adopting a generic term to encompass all of these instrument types. For the time being, I propose to use the term variable pressure-environmental SEM (VP-ESEM), with the proviso that this is merely for the sake of convenience.en
dc.languageenen
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherJohn Wiley & Sons, Ltden_US
dc.subjectScanning electron microscopyen_US
dc.titlePrinciples and Practice of Variable Pressure/Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (VP-ESEM)en_US
dc.typeBooken_US
Appears in Collections:Chemistry

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