Title:	Courting Communities Black Female Nationalism and “Syncre-Nationalism” in the Nineteenth-Century North
Authors:	Kathy L., Glass Graham Hodges
Keywords:	African American women--Intellectual life--19th century
Issue Date:	2006
Publisher:	Routledge
Description:	Black women activists participating in racial uplift projects during the nineteenth century troubled the boundaries of race, space, nation and time, creating new cognitive mappings of community. Sojourner Truth, Maria Stewart, Mary Ann Shadd Cary, Anna Julia Cooper and Frances E. W. Harper undermined traditional categories, transcending the limitations of liberalism and the narrowness of nationalism designed to deny African Americans rights and resources. Marginalized within black male collectivities due to their gender, trivialized within white feminist groups on account of their race, and unable to become U.S. citizens because of their race and their gender, Truth, Stewart, Shadd Cary, Cooper and Harper found it necessary to develop eclectic resistance strategies and unique forms of political alliance. Unable to ground themselves in any single pre-existing community of resistance, they took on the difficult and demanding work of “courting communities,” of calling collectivities into existence through diverse forms of subversive spiritual, political and cultural work.
URI:	http://10.6.20.12:80/handle/123456789/9489
ISBN:	0-415-97905-6
Appears in Collections:	African Studies

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