Title:	Spatial Mobility, Migration, and Living Arrangements
Authors:	Can M. Aybek • Johannes Huinink Raya Muttarak
Keywords:	Living Arrangements
Issue Date:	2015
Publisher:	Springer
Description:	Understanding the dynamics behind the spatial mobility of humans has been the subject of interest for many academic disciplines including archeology, history, geography, and economics. Throughout recent decades, sociology in particular has developed a strong interest in disentangling the factors that trigger spatial mobility and in explaining the consequences of different mobility patterns for individuals, families and societies in general. Since the 1970s, the development of research on international mobility has gained momentum in many Western societies (Vasta and Vuddamalay 2006 ). Bommes ( 2006 ) reports, for instance, that in Germany during the 1980s and 1990s research activities related to migration in different branches of social sciences such as education, social anthropology, sociology or political sciences were intensifi ed. During this period working groups and research institutes dedicated to the issues of migration were established and by the mid-1980s experts in the fi eld noticed that the number of publications had increased to such an extent that it was diffi cult for any single person to keep track of new empirical work (Treibel 1988 ). From the 1990s onwards, researchers from different Western countries increasingly began to collaborate, organize conferences, establish academic journals and launch joint research projects (Castles and Wihtol de Wenden 2006 ). The diversifi cation of research activities in the last quarter of the twentieth century is partially due to new and complex patterns of migration that have emerged. In comparison to earlier industrial periods, the circumstances under which international migration takes place are different mainly due to the drastically increased imbalance between origin and destination countries in terms of labor supply and demand (Massey et al. 2005 ). While the proportion of unemployed young people is growing in many sending countries, societies in the economically developed destination countries are characterized to a greater extent by low birth rates and ageing populations which results in a rather limited supply of native labor. At the same time while new production technologies in these societies increased the need for a more qualifi ed workforce, demand for unskilled labor for certain sectors of the economy continues to rise. Faced with a growing negative public attitude towards immigrants and rising domestic unemployment rates following the 2008 fi nancial crisis, governments in most destination countries have increased their immigration control efforts. While labor migration of highly-skilled migrants is promoted, entry of unskilled labor is strictly controlled through measures such as the introduction of extensive border control, restrictions on family reunifi cation and issuing of longterm residence permits, and deportation of those who entered illegally
URI:	http://10.6.20.12:80/handle/123456789/53750
ISBN:	978-3-319-10021-0
Appears in Collections:	Population Studies

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