Title:	International Migration into Europe
Authors:	Gabriella Lazaridis
Keywords:	Europe Emigration and immigration
Issue Date:	2015
Publisher:	Palgrave Macmillan
Description:	The current level of the world’s migrant population is estimated to be around 215 million, representing about 3 per cent of the world’s population. Migration is not a new phenomenon. Indeed, periods of mass migration from the sixteenth century to the present day have been charted by Castles and Miller (2009). With reference to post-1945 migratory movements, after the Second World War countries such as Germany, France and the United Kingdom made use of different forms of migration to rebuild their wrecked infrastructures and economies. The gastarbeiter policy in Germany focused on temporary forms of migration whereby it was anticipated that the ‘guest’ workers would be returned to their counties of origin once the need for a foreign workforce decreased. Migration control was considered to be necessary on grounds of protecting native workers and the welfare state, rather than in the light of state security. All this changed after the OPEC embargo and the recession that followed in the mid-1970s. However, over and above this, although issues associated with benefit and risk on the part of both sending and receiving countries have always formed part of the debate surrounding migration, a paradigm shift has taken place since 2001, which has involved the issue of migration no longer being considered one of ‘low politics’. Rather, it has become one of ‘high politics’, involving matters of national security (Lahav 2004). While many see this shift as arising from the 9/11 World Trade Center attacks, others see a pattern of state response to terrorism which pre-dates 9/11. No matter the root cause, there has been a recent trend towards the securitisation of migration, which will be discussed in Chapter 6. Such a process has a real impact on migrants of all categories, on states and on the indigenous populations.
URI:	http://10.6.20.12:80/handle/123456789/53695
ISBN:	978-1-137-38496-6
Appears in Collections:	Population Studies

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